Add fit-to-size two-pass encoding, file argument, recipes, and batch mode

- Fit to size: computes H.264 bitrate from duration and runs a
  two-pass encode to land on a target size in MB
- lazyff FILE opens straight in the editor
- Recipes: save/load named edit stacks (~/.config/lazyff/recipes.json)
- Batch: mark files with Space, run one edit stack across all of them
  through a sequential job queue with per-file results

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lazyff"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2021"
 description = "A friendly TUI for FFmpeg — trim, resize, crop, compress and convert without memorizing flags"
 

README.md

@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ learn FFmpeg as you use it (and copy-paste the command anywhere).
 cargo run --release
 # or
 cargo install --path .
-lazyff
+lazyff              # browse the current directory
+lazyff video.mp4    # open a file straight in the editor
 ```
 
 lazyff opens a file browser in the current directory. Pick a video or audio
-file, then stack up edits and press `r`.
+file, then stack up edits and press `r`. Mark several files with `Space` to
+edit them all at once (batch mode).
 
 ## What it can do
 
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ file, then stack up edits and press `r`.
 | Visual effects  | grayscale, sepia, blur, sharpen, vignette, denoise, fades |
 | Frame rate      | 12 – 60 fps                                           |
 | Compress        | H.264/H.265 with plain-English quality presets        |
+| Fit to size     | "make it 25 MB" — two-pass encode to a target size    |
 | Convert format  | MP4, MKV, WebM, MOV, GIF (with palette pass), MP3, M4A, WAV |
 | Audio           | remove track, volume, loudness normalization          |
 
@@ -53,7 +56,12 @@ them — trim, speed, volume/fades, and conversion between audio formats
 **File browser** — `↑↓` move, `Enter` open, `Backspace` parent folder, `q` quit
 
 **Editor** — `a` add edit, `Enter` change, `d` delete, `J`/`K` reorder,
-`o` output name, `r` run, `Esc` back to files, `q` quit
+`s` save recipe, `l` load recipe, `o` output name, `r` run, `Esc` back to
+files, `q` quit
+
+**Recipes** save your current stack of edits under a name
+(`~/.config/lazyff/recipes.json`) so you can re-apply it to any file or
+batch with two keys.
 
 **Forms** — `↑↓` field, `←→` change choice, type into text fields,
 `Enter` save, `Esc` cancel

src/app.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 //! Application state and event handling.
 
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use ratatui::crossterm::event::{KeyCode, KeyEvent};
 use ratatui::widgets::ListState;
 
-use crate::ffmpeg::{self, MediaInfo, RunMsg, Runner};
+use crate::ffmpeg::{self, Built, MediaInfo, RunMsg, Runner};
 use crate::ops::{FieldValue, OpKind, Operation};
+use crate::recipes::{self, Recipe};
 
 const MEDIA_EXTS: &[&str] = &[
     "mp4", "mkv", "webm", "mov", "avi", "flv", "wmv", "ts", "m2ts", "m4v", "mpg", "mpeg", "gif",
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ pub enum Modal {
         pristine: bool,
     },
     Output { text: String },
+    SaveRecipe { text: String },
+    LoadRecipe { selected: usize },
     Running,
     Done { success: bool, title: String, message: String },
 }
@@ -40,13 +44,26 @@ pub struct Entry {
     pub is_dir: bool,
 }
 
+pub struct Job {
+    pub input_name: String,
+    pub in_size: u64,
+    pub built: Built,
+}
+
+pub struct JobResult {
+    pub ok: bool,
+    pub line: String,
+}
+
 pub struct RunState {
+    pub jobs: Vec<Job>,
+    pub job_idx: usize,
+    pub pass_idx: usize,
     pub runner: Runner,
     pub secs: f64,
     pub speed: String,
-    pub expected: f64,
     pub errors: Vec<String>,
-    pub output: PathBuf,
+    pub results: Vec<JobResult>,
     pub canceled: bool,
 }
 
@@ -60,39 +77,55 @@ pub struct App {
     pub entries: Vec<Entry>,
     pub browser_state: ListState,
     pub browser_error: Option<String>,
+    pub marks: HashSet<PathBuf>,
 
-    // editor
+    // editor: the file(s) being edited (more than one = batch mode)
-    pub input: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub files: Vec<(PathBuf, MediaInfo)>,
-    pub media: Option<MediaInfo>,
     pub ops: Vec<Operation>,
     pub op_state: ListState,
+    /// Single file: the full output file stem. Batch: a suffix appended to
+    /// each input's stem.
     pub output_stem: String,
 
+    pub recipes: Vec<Recipe>,
     pub run: Option<RunState>,
 }
 
 impl App {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<App> {
+    pub fn new(initial: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<App> {
-        let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
         let mut app = App {
             should_quit: false,
             screen: Screen::Browser,
             modal: None,
-            cwd,
+            cwd: std::env::current_dir()?,
             entries: Vec::new(),
             browser_state: ListState::default(),
             browser_error: None,
-            input: None,
+            marks: HashSet::new(),
-            media: None,
+            files: Vec::new(),
             ops: Vec::new(),
             op_state: ListState::default(),
             output_stem: String::new(),
+            recipes: Vec::new(),
             run: None,
         };
+        if let Some(path) = initial {
+            let info = ffmpeg::probe(&path)?;
+            if let Some(parent) = path.parent().filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty()) {
+                app.cwd = parent.to_path_buf();
+            }
+            app.output_stem = format!("{}_lazyff", file_stem(&path));
+            app.files = vec![(path, info)];
+            app.screen = Screen::Editor;
+        }
         app.refresh_entries();
         Ok(app)
     }
 
+    pub fn is_batch(&self) -> bool {
+        self.files.len() > 1
+    }
+
     pub fn refresh_entries(&mut self) {
         self.entries.clear();
         if self.cwd.parent().is_some() {
@@ -127,7 +160,7 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     pub fn has_video(&self) -> bool {
-        self.media.as_ref().map(|m| m.video_codec.is_some()).unwrap_or(true)
+        self.files.first().map(|(_, m)| m.video_codec.is_some()).unwrap_or(true)
     }
 
     /// Edits that apply to the current input: everything for video files,
@@ -140,7 +173,8 @@ impl App {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    /// Drain progress messages from a running ffmpeg job.
+    /// Drain progress messages from a running ffmpeg job; advance through
+    /// passes and queued files as they finish.
     pub fn poll_run_messages(&mut self) {
         let Some(rs) = &mut self.run else { return };
         let mut finished = false;
@@ -164,41 +198,123 @@ impl App {
         }
 
         let mut rs = self.run.take().unwrap();
-        let status = rs.runner.child.wait();
+        let ok = rs.runner.child.wait().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) && !rs.canceled;
-        let success = status.map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) && !rs.canceled;
+        let job_name = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].input_name.clone();
-        if success {
+        let output = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built.output.clone();
-            let out_size = std::fs::metadata(&rs.output).map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+        let in_size = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].in_size;
-            let in_size = self.media.as_ref().map(|m| m.size_bytes).unwrap_or(0);
+        let n_passes = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built.passes.len();
-            let mut message = format!(
+
-                "Saved {}\n\nSize: {}",
+        if rs.canceled {
-                rs.output.display(),
+            ffmpeg::cleanup_passlog(&rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built);
-                ffmpeg::fmt_size(out_size)
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&output);
-            );
+            let mut message =
-            if in_size > 0 {
+                String::from("The encode was canceled and the partial output deleted.");
+            if !rs.results.is_empty() {
                 message.push_str(&format!(
-                    " (input was {}, {:.0}%)",
+                    "\n\nFinished before the cancel ({} of {}):",
-                    ffmpeg::fmt_size(in_size),
+                    rs.results.len(),
-                    out_size as f64 / in_size as f64 * 100.0
+                    rs.jobs.len()
                 ));
+                for r in &rs.results {
+                    message.push('\n');
+                    message.push_str(&r.line);
+                }
             }
-            self.modal = Some(Modal::Done { success: true, title: "Done".into(), message });
+            self.modal = Some(Modal::Done { success: false, title: "Canceled".into(), message });
-            self.refresh_entries();
+            return;
-        } else if rs.canceled {
-            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&rs.output);
-            self.modal = Some(Modal::Done {
-                success: false,
-                title: "Canceled".into(),
-                message: "The encode was canceled and the partial output deleted.".into(),
-            });
-        } else {
-            let tail: Vec<String> = rs.errors.split_off(rs.errors.len().saturating_sub(12));
-            let message = if tail.is_empty() {
-                "ffmpeg failed without an error message.".into()
-            } else {
-                format!("ffmpeg reported:\n\n{}", tail.join("\n"))
-            };
-            self.modal = Some(Modal::Done { success: false, title: "Failed".into(), message });
         }
+
+        // Same job, next pass?
+        if ok && rs.pass_idx + 1 < n_passes {
+            let args = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built.passes[rs.pass_idx + 1].clone();
+            match ffmpeg::run(&args) {
+                Ok(runner) => {
+                    rs.runner = runner;
+                    rs.pass_idx += 1;
+                    rs.secs = 0.0;
+                    rs.errors.clear();
+                    self.run = Some(rs);
+                    return;
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    rs.results.push(JobResult {
+                        ok: false,
+                        line: format!("\u{2717} {}: {}", job_name, e),
+                    });
+                    ffmpeg::cleanup_passlog(&rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            let result = if ok {
+                let out_size = std::fs::metadata(&output).map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+                let pct = if in_size > 0 {
+                    format!(", {:.0}% of input", out_size as f64 / in_size as f64 * 100.0)
+                } else {
+                    String::new()
+                };
+                JobResult {
+                    ok: true,
+                    line: format!(
+                        "\u{2713} {} \u{2192} {} ({}{})",
+                        job_name,
+                        output
+                            .file_name()
+                            .map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+                            .unwrap_or_else(|| output.display().to_string()),
+                        ffmpeg::fmt_size(out_size),
+                        pct
+                    ),
+                }
+            } else {
+                let tail: Vec<String> =
+                    rs.errors.split_off(rs.errors.len().saturating_sub(4));
+                let detail = if tail.is_empty() {
+                    "ffmpeg failed without an error message".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    tail.join("\n  ")
+                };
+                JobResult { ok: false, line: format!("\u{2717} {}\n  {}", job_name, detail) }
+            };
+            rs.results.push(result);
+            ffmpeg::cleanup_passlog(&rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built);
+        }
+
+        // Move on to the next file in the queue.
+        rs.job_idx += 1;
+        rs.pass_idx = 0;
+        rs.secs = 0.0;
+        rs.errors.clear();
+        while rs.job_idx < rs.jobs.len() {
+            let args = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].built.passes[0].clone();
+            match ffmpeg::run(&args) {
+                Ok(runner) => {
+                    rs.runner = runner;
+                    self.run = Some(rs);
+                    return;
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let name = rs.jobs[rs.job_idx].input_name.clone();
+                    rs.results
+                        .push(JobResult { ok: false, line: format!("\u{2717} {}: {}", name, e) });
+                    rs.job_idx += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Queue drained: summarize.
+        let ok_count = rs.results.iter().filter(|r| r.ok).count();
+        let total = rs.results.len();
+        let success = ok_count == total && total > 0;
+        let mut message = String::new();
+        if total > 1 {
+            message.push_str(&format!("{} of {} files succeeded\n\n", ok_count, total));
+        }
+        message.push_str(
+            &rs.results.iter().map(|r| r.line.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n"),
+        );
+        let title = if success { "Done" } else { "Finished with problems" };
+        self.modal = Some(Modal::Done { success, title: title.into(), message });
+        self.refresh_entries();
     }
 
     pub fn on_key(&mut self, key: KeyEvent) {
@@ -220,9 +336,17 @@ impl App {
             KeyCode::Up | KeyCode::Char('k') => move_sel(&mut self.browser_state, self.entries.len(), -1),
             KeyCode::Down | KeyCode::Char('j') => move_sel(&mut self.browser_state, self.entries.len(), 1),
             KeyCode::Backspace | KeyCode::Left | KeyCode::Char('h') => self.go_parent(),
-            KeyCode::Enter | KeyCode::Right | KeyCode::Char('l') => self.open_selected(),
+            KeyCode::Char(' ') => self.toggle_mark(),
+            KeyCode::Char('u') => self.marks.clear(),
+            KeyCode::Enter | KeyCode::Right | KeyCode::Char('l') => {
+                if self.marks.is_empty() {
+                    self.open_selected();
+                } else {
+                    self.open_marked();
+                }
+            }
             KeyCode::Esc => {
-                if self.input.is_some() {
+                if !self.files.is_empty() {
                     self.screen = Screen::Editor;
                 }
             }
@@ -237,6 +361,20 @@ impl App {
         }
     }
 
+    fn toggle_mark(&mut self) {
+        let Some(i) = self.browser_state.selected() else { return };
+        let Some(entry) = self.entries.get(i) else { return };
+        if entry.is_dir {
+            return;
+        }
+        let path = self.cwd.join(&entry.name);
+        if !self.marks.remove(&path) {
+            self.marks.insert(path);
+        }
+        // Marking usually means "this one too" — move on to the next entry.
+        move_sel(&mut self.browser_state, self.entries.len(), 1);
+    }
+
     fn open_selected(&mut self) {
         let Some(i) = self.browser_state.selected() else { return };
         let Some(entry) = self.entries.get(i) else { return };
@@ -249,23 +387,50 @@ impl App {
             }
             return;
         }
-        let path = self.cwd.join(&entry.name);
+        self.open_files(vec![self.cwd.join(&entry.name)]);
-        match ffmpeg::probe(&path) {
+    }
-            Ok(info) => {
+
-                let stem = path
+    fn open_marked(&mut self) {
-                    .file_stem()
+        // Keep browser order, not HashSet order.
-                    .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        let paths: Vec<PathBuf> = self
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "output".into());
+            .entries
-                self.output_stem = format!("{}_lazyff", stem);
+            .iter()
-                self.input = Some(path);
+            .filter(|e| !e.is_dir)
-                self.media = Some(info);
+            .map(|e| self.cwd.join(&e.name))
-                self.ops.clear();
+            .filter(|p| self.marks.contains(p))
-                self.op_state.select(None);
+            .collect();
-                self.browser_error = None;
+        self.open_files(paths);
-                self.screen = Screen::Editor;
+    }
+
+    fn open_files(&mut self, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) {
+        let mut files = Vec::new();
+        for path in paths {
+            match ffmpeg::probe(&path) {
+                Ok(info) => files.push((path, info)),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    self.browser_error = Some(format!(
+                        "{}: {}",
+                        file_name(&path),
+                        e.to_string().lines().last().unwrap_or("unreadable")
+                    ));
+                    return;
+                }
             }
-            Err(e) => self.browser_error = Some(e.to_string()),
         }
+        if files.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.output_stem = if files.len() == 1 {
+            format!("{}_lazyff", file_stem(&files[0].0))
+        } else {
+            "_lazyff".into()
+        };
+        self.files = files;
+        self.ops.clear();
+        self.op_state.select(None);
+        self.browser_error = None;
+        self.marks.clear();
+        self.screen = Screen::Editor;
     }
 
     // -- editor -------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -310,6 +475,29 @@ impl App {
             KeyCode::Char('o') => {
                 self.modal = Some(Modal::Output { text: self.output_stem.clone() })
             }
+            KeyCode::Char('s') => {
+                if self.ops.is_empty() {
+                    self.modal = Some(Modal::Done {
+                        success: true,
+                        title: "Recipes".into(),
+                        message: "Add some edits first, then press 's' to save them as a reusable recipe.".into(),
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    self.modal = Some(Modal::SaveRecipe { text: String::new() });
+                }
+            }
+            KeyCode::Char('l') => {
+                self.recipes = recipes::load();
+                if self.recipes.is_empty() {
+                    self.modal = Some(Modal::Done {
+                        success: true,
+                        title: "Recipes".into(),
+                        message: "No recipes saved yet. Build a stack of edits and press 's' to save it as one.".into(),
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    self.modal = Some(Modal::LoadRecipe { selected: 0 });
+                }
+            }
             KeyCode::Char('r') => self.start_run(),
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -325,27 +513,46 @@ impl App {
         self.op_state.select(Some(j as usize));
     }
 
+    /// The output stem `build` should use for a given input.
+    pub fn stem_for(&self, path: &Path) -> String {
+        if self.is_batch() {
+            format!("{}{}", file_stem(path), self.output_stem)
+        } else {
+            self.output_stem.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
     fn start_run(&mut self) {
-        let (Some(input), Some(media)) = (&self.input, &self.media) else { return };
+        if self.files.is_empty() {
-        let built = ffmpeg::build(input, &self.ops, &self.output_stem, media);
-        if Some(built.output.as_path()) == self.input.as_deref() {
-            self.modal = Some(Modal::Done {
-                success: false,
-                title: "Refusing to run".into(),
-                message: "Output would overwrite the input file. Change the output name with 'o'."
-                    .into(),
-            });
             return;
         }
-        match ffmpeg::run(&built.args) {
+        let mut jobs = Vec::new();
+        for (path, media) in &self.files {
+            let built = ffmpeg::build(path, &self.ops, &self.stem_for(path), media);
+            if built.output == *path {
+                self.modal = Some(Modal::Done {
+                    success: false,
+                    title: "Refusing to run".into(),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Output would overwrite the input file {}. Change the output name with 'o'.",
+                        file_name(path)
+                    ),
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            jobs.push(Job { input_name: file_name(path), in_size: media.size_bytes, built });
+        }
+        match ffmpeg::run(&jobs[0].built.passes[0]) {
             Ok(runner) => {
                 self.run = Some(RunState {
+                    jobs,
+                    job_idx: 0,
+                    pass_idx: 0,
                     runner,
                     secs: 0.0,
                     speed: String::new(),
-                    expected: built.expected_duration,
                     errors: Vec::new(),
-                    output: built.output,
+                    results: Vec::new(),
                     canceled: false,
                 });
                 self.modal = Some(Modal::Running);
@@ -457,6 +664,81 @@ impl App {
                 _ => Some(Modal::Output { text }),
             },
 
+            Modal::SaveRecipe { mut text } => match key.code {
+                KeyCode::Esc => None,
+                KeyCode::Enter => {
+                    let name = text.trim().to_string();
+                    if name.is_empty() {
+                        return Some(Modal::SaveRecipe { text });
+                    }
+                    match recipes::add(&name, &self.ops) {
+                        Ok(()) => Some(Modal::Done {
+                            success: true,
+                            title: "Recipe saved".into(),
+                            message: format!(
+                                "\"{}\" saved ({} edits). Press 'l' on any file to apply it.",
+                                name,
+                                self.ops.len()
+                            ),
+                        }),
+                        Err(e) => Some(Modal::Done {
+                            success: false,
+                            title: "Could not save recipe".into(),
+                            message: e.to_string(),
+                        }),
+                    }
+                }
+                KeyCode::Backspace => {
+                    text.pop();
+                    Some(Modal::SaveRecipe { text })
+                }
+                KeyCode::Char(c) => {
+                    if !c.is_control() && text.len() < 40 {
+                        text.push(c);
+                    }
+                    Some(Modal::SaveRecipe { text })
+                }
+                _ => Some(Modal::SaveRecipe { text }),
+            },
+
+            Modal::LoadRecipe { mut selected } => match key.code {
+                KeyCode::Esc => None,
+                KeyCode::Up | KeyCode::Char('k') => {
+                    selected = (selected + self.recipes.len() - 1) % self.recipes.len();
+                    Some(Modal::LoadRecipe { selected })
+                }
+                KeyCode::Down | KeyCode::Char('j') => {
+                    selected = (selected + 1) % self.recipes.len();
+                    Some(Modal::LoadRecipe { selected })
+                }
+                KeyCode::Char('d') | KeyCode::Delete => {
+                    let name = self.recipes[selected].name.clone();
+                    let _ = recipes::delete(&name);
+                    self.recipes = recipes::load();
+                    if self.recipes.is_empty() {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(Modal::LoadRecipe { selected: selected.min(self.recipes.len() - 1) })
+                    }
+                }
+                KeyCode::Enter => {
+                    let (ops, notes) =
+                        recipes::materialize(&self.recipes[selected], self.has_video());
+                    self.ops = ops;
+                    self.op_state.select(if self.ops.is_empty() { None } else { Some(0) });
+                    if notes.is_empty() {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(Modal::Done {
+                            success: true,
+                            title: "Recipe applied with notes".into(),
+                            message: notes.join("\n"),
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => Some(Modal::LoadRecipe { selected }),
+            },
+
             Modal::Running => match key.code {
                 KeyCode::Esc | KeyCode::Char('c') | KeyCode::Char('q') => {
                     if let Some(rs) = &mut self.run {
@@ -476,6 +758,18 @@ impl App {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn file_stem(path: &Path) -> String {
+    path.file_stem()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "output".into())
+}
+
+pub fn file_name(path: &Path) -> String {
+    path.file_name()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| path.display().to_string())
+}
+
 fn move_sel(state: &mut ListState, len: usize, dir: isize) {
     if len == 0 {
         state.select(None);

src/ffmpeg.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //! operation list into command-line arguments, and running the encode with
 //! live progress reporting.
 
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
@@ -95,10 +97,14 @@ fn parse_rate(s: &str) -> Option<f64> {
 // Command building
 
 pub struct Built {
-    /// Arguments after `ffmpeg` (no progress/log plumbing — this is what the
+    /// One argument list per encoding pass (no progress/log plumbing — this
-    /// preview shows and what `run` executes).
+    /// is what the preview shows and what `run` executes). Usually a single
-    pub args: Vec<String>,
+    /// pass; "Fit to size" produces two.
+    pub passes: Vec<Vec<String>>,
     pub output: PathBuf,
+    /// Stats file prefix used by two-pass encodes; delete `<prefix>-0.log*`
+    /// after the job.
+    pub passlog: Option<PathBuf>,
     /// Best guess at the output duration, used for the progress bar.
     pub expected_duration: f64,
     /// Human-readable remarks about choices the builder made.
@@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
     let mut vf: Vec<String> = Vec::new(); // video filter chain
     let mut af: Vec<String> = Vec::new(); // audio filter chain
     let mut out: Vec<String> = Vec::new(); // output options
+    let mut aout: Vec<String> = Vec::new(); // audio output options (skipped in pass 1)
     let mut notes: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
 
     let mut ext = input
@@ -125,6 +132,13 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
     let mut has_fps_op = false;
     let mut has_resize_op = false;
 
+    // "Fit to size" needs the final duration, so it is applied after the
+    // loop; it also overrides any Compress op's encoder settings.
+    let target_mb: Option<f64> = ops
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|o| o.kind == OpKind::TargetSize)
+        .find_map(|o| o.text(0).parse::<f64>().ok().filter(|m| *m > 0.0));
+
     // Trim is resolved first because the fade-out effect needs to know the
     // trimmed duration.
     let mut start = 0.0_f64;
@@ -255,7 +269,16 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
                 has_fps_op = true;
                 vf.push(format!("fps={}", op.choice_str(0)));
             }
+            OpKind::TargetSize => {
+                if target_mb.is_none() {
+                    notes.push("Fit to size: enter a size in MB, e.g. 25".into());
+                }
+            }
             OpKind::Compress => {
+                if target_mb.is_some() {
+                    notes.push("Compress ignored: Fit to size controls the encoder".into());
+                    continue;
+                }
                 let h265 = op.choice(0) == 1;
                 let crf = match (h265, op.choice(1)) {
                     (false, 0) => 23,
@@ -281,10 +304,10 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
                 out.push("-pix_fmt".into());
                 out.push("yuv420p".into());
                 if has_audio {
-                    out.push("-c:a".into());
+                    aout.push("-c:a".into());
-                    out.push("aac".into());
+                    aout.push("aac".into());
-                    out.push("-b:a".into());
+                    aout.push("-b:a".into());
-                    out.push("128k".into());
+                    aout.push("128k".into());
                 }
                 if h265 && (ext == "mp4" || ext == "mov") {
                     out.push("-tag:v".into());
@@ -309,8 +332,8 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
                     out.push("-b:v".into());
                     out.push("0".into());
                     if has_audio {
-                        out.push("-c:a".into());
+                        aout.push("-c:a".into());
-                        out.push("libopus".into());
+                        aout.push("libopus".into());
                     }
                 } else if sel.starts_with("MOV") {
                     ext = "mov".into();
@@ -397,12 +420,71 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
         expected /= speed_factor;
     }
 
-    // Assemble the argument list.
+    // Resolve "Fit to size": pick a video bitrate that lands on the target,
-    let mut args: Vec<String> = vec!["-y".into()];
+    // encoded in two passes so the budget is actually met.
-    args.extend(pre);
+    let audio_removed = out.iter().any(|a| a == "-an");
-    args.push("-i".into());
+    let mut two_pass = false;
-    args.push(input.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+    let mut passlog: Option<PathBuf> = None;
+    if let Some(mb) = target_mb {
+        if !has_video || audio_only_output {
+            notes.push("Fit to size: needs a video output, skipped".into());
+        } else if gif {
+            notes.push("Fit to size: not available for GIF, skipped".into());
+        } else if ext == "webm" {
+            notes.push("Fit to size: not supported for WebM here \u{2014} convert to MP4 instead".into());
+        } else if expected <= 0.0 {
+            notes.push("Fit to size: unknown duration, skipped".into());
+        } else {
+            // 3% margin for container overhead.
+            let audio_kbps = if has_audio && !audio_removed { 128.0 } else { 0.0 };
+            let mut v_kbps = (mb * 8000.0 * 0.97) / expected - audio_kbps;
+            if v_kbps < 50.0 {
+                v_kbps = 50.0;
+                notes.push(
+                    "Fit to size: target is very small for this length \u{2014} expect poor quality, size may overshoot"
+                        .into(),
+                );
+            }
+            out.push("-c:v".into());
+            out.push("libx264".into());
+            out.push("-b:v".into());
+            out.push(format!("{:.0}k", v_kbps));
+            out.push("-preset".into());
+            out.push("medium".into());
+            out.push("-pix_fmt".into());
+            out.push("yuv420p".into());
+            if has_audio && !audio_removed {
+                aout.push("-c:a".into());
+                aout.push("aac".into());
+                aout.push("-b:a".into());
+                aout.push("128k".into());
+            }
+            notes.push(format!(
+                "Two-pass H.264 at {:.0} kb/s video to land near {} MB",
+                v_kbps, mb
+            ));
+            if mb * 1e6 > media.size_bytes as f64 && media.size_bytes > 0 {
+                notes.push(
+                    "Target is larger than the input \u{2014} the file will grow, not shrink"
+                        .into(),
+                );
+            }
+            two_pass = true;
+            let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+            input.hash(&mut hasher);
+            passlog = Some(
+                std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("lazyff-2pass-{:016x}", hasher.finish())),
+            );
+        }
+    }
 
+    // Assemble the argument list(s).
+    let mut base: Vec<String> = vec!["-y".into()];
+    base.extend(pre);
+    base.push("-i".into());
+    base.push(input.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+
+    let mut filters: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
     if gif {
         // GIF needs a palette pass to avoid ugly dithering; bundle the user's
         // filters into the palette graph.
@@ -413,39 +495,77 @@ pub fn build(input: &Path, ops: &[Operation], output_stem: &str, media: &MediaIn
         if !has_resize_op {
             chain.push("scale=480:-2:flags=lanczos".into());
         }
-        chain.extend(vf);
+        chain.extend(vf.clone());
         let fc = format!(
             "{},split[a][b];[a]palettegen[p];[b][p]paletteuse",
             chain.join(",")
         );
-        args.push("-filter_complex".into());
+        filters.push("-filter_complex".into());
-        args.push(fc);
+        filters.push(fc);
-        args.push("-an".into());
+        filters.push("-an".into());
         af.clear();
         notes.push("GIF: palette pass added for good colors; audio removed".into());
     } else {
         if !vf.is_empty() {
-            args.push("-vf".into());
+            filters.push("-vf".into());
-            args.push(vf.join(","));
+            filters.push(vf.join(","));
         }
         if !af.is_empty() {
-            args.push("-af".into());
+            filters.push("-af".into());
-            args.push(af.join(","));
+            filters.push(af.join(","));
         }
     }
 
-    args.extend(out);
-
     let dir = input.parent().unwrap_or(Path::new("."));
     let stem = if output_stem.trim().is_empty() { "output" } else { output_stem.trim() };
     let output = dir.join(format!("{}.{}", stem, ext));
-    args.push(output.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+
+    let mut passes: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();
+    if two_pass {
+        let log = passlog.as_ref().unwrap().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        // Pass 1: video analysis only, no audio, output discarded.
+        let mut p1 = base.clone();
+        if !vf.is_empty() {
+            p1.push("-vf".into());
+            p1.push(vf.join(","));
+        }
+        p1.extend(out.iter().cloned());
+        p1.extend(
+            ["-an", "-pass", "1", "-passlogfile", &log, "-f", "null", "/dev/null"]
+                .map(String::from),
+        );
+        passes.push(p1);
+
+        let mut p2 = base;
+        p2.extend(filters);
+        p2.extend(out);
+        p2.extend(aout);
+        p2.extend(["-pass", "2", "-passlogfile", &log].map(String::from));
+        p2.push(output.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+        passes.push(p2);
+    } else {
+        let mut args = base;
+        args.extend(filters);
+        args.extend(out);
+        args.extend(aout);
+        args.push(output.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+        passes.push(args);
+    }
 
     if output.exists() {
         notes.push("Output file already exists and will be overwritten (-y)".into());
     }
 
-    Built { args, output, expected_duration: expected, notes }
+    Built { passes, output, passlog, expected_duration: expected, notes }
+}
+
+/// Remove the stats files left behind by a two-pass encode.
+pub fn cleanup_passlog(built: &Built) {
+    if let Some(prefix) = &built.passlog {
+        for suffix in ["-0.log", "-0.log.mbtree"] {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(format!("{}{}", prefix.display(), suffix));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// atempo only accepts 0.5–2.0 per instance, so chain instances for larger
@@ -508,21 +628,29 @@ pub fn fmt_size(bytes: u64) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-/// Render the command for display, shell-quoting where needed so it can be
+/// Render the command(s) for display, shell-quoting where needed so they can
-/// copy-pasted into a terminal.
+/// be copy-pasted into a terminal.
-pub fn preview_string(args: &[String]) -> String {
+pub fn preview_string(built: &Built) -> String {
-    let mut s = String::from("ffmpeg");
+    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    for a in args {
+    for (i, pass) in built.passes.iter().enumerate() {
-        s.push(' ');
+        let mut s = String::new();
-        if a.chars().any(|c| !(c.is_alphanumeric() || "-_./=:".contains(c))) {
+        if built.passes.len() > 1 {
-            s.push('\'');
+            s.push_str(&format!("# pass {}\n", i + 1));
-            s.push_str(&a.replace('\'', "'\\''"));
-            s.push('\'');
-        } else {
-            s.push_str(a);
         }
+        s.push_str("ffmpeg");
+        for a in pass {
+            s.push(' ');
+            if a.chars().any(|c| !(c.is_alphanumeric() || "-_./=:".contains(c))) {
+                s.push('\'');
+                s.push_str(&a.replace('\'', "'\\''"));
+                s.push('\'');
+            } else {
+                s.push_str(a);
+            }
+        }
+        parts.push(s);
     }
-    s
+    parts.join("\n\n")
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 mod app;
 mod ffmpeg;
 mod ops;
+mod recipes;
 mod ui;
 
 use std::process::Command;
@@ -13,17 +14,27 @@ use ratatui::DefaultTerminal;
 use app::App;
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut initial: Option<std::path::PathBuf> = None;
     if let Some(arg) = std::env::args().nth(1) {
         match arg.as_str() {
             "--version" | "-V" => {
                 println!("lazyff {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            _ => {
+            "--help" | "-h" => {
                 println!("lazyff {} — a friendly TUI for FFmpeg", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
-                println!("Usage: lazyff        (opens a file browser in the current directory)");
+                println!("Usage: lazyff [FILE]");
+                println!("  no argument   open a file browser in the current directory");
+                println!("  FILE          open this video/audio file straight in the editor");
                 return Ok(());
             }
+            _ => {
+                let path = std::path::PathBuf::from(&arg);
+                if !path.is_file() {
+                    bail!("{arg}: no such file");
+                }
+                initial = Some(path);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -33,14 +44,17 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
+    // Probe the initial file before entering the alternate screen so errors
+    // print normally.
+    let app = App::new(initial)?;
+
     let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
-    let result = run(&mut terminal);
+    let result = run(&mut terminal, app);
     ratatui::restore();
     result
 }
 
-fn run(terminal: &mut DefaultTerminal) -> Result<()> {
+fn run(terminal: &mut DefaultTerminal, mut app: App) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut app = App::new()?;
     loop {
         app.poll_run_messages();
         terminal.draw(|f| ui::draw(f, &mut app))?;

src/ops.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub enum OpKind {
     Effect,
     Fps,
     Compress,
+    TargetSize,
     Format,
     Audio,
 }
@@ -22,10 +23,15 @@ pub enum OpKind {
 use OpKind::*;
 
 impl OpKind {
-    pub const ALL: [OpKind; 11] = [
+    pub const ALL: [OpKind; 12] = [
-        Trim, Resize, Crop, Rotate, Speed, Adjust, Effect, Fps, Compress, Format, Audio,
+        Trim, Resize, Crop, Rotate, Speed, Adjust, Effect, Fps, Compress, TargetSize, Format,
+        Audio,
     ];
 
+    pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<OpKind> {
+        Self::ALL.into_iter().find(|k| k.name() == s)
+    }
+
     pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             Trim => "Trim / Cut",
@@ -37,6 +43,7 @@ impl OpKind {
             Effect => "Visual effect",
             Fps => "Frame rate",
             Compress => "Compress",
+            TargetSize => "Fit to size",
             Format => "Convert format",
             Audio => "Audio",
         }
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ impl OpKind {
     pub fn video_only(self) -> bool {
         matches!(
             self,
-            Resize | Crop | Rotate | Adjust | Effect | Fps | Compress
+            Resize | Crop | Rotate | Adjust | Effect | Fps | Compress | TargetSize
         )
     }
 
@@ -62,6 +69,7 @@ impl OpKind {
             Effect => "Grayscale, blur, sharpen, fade in/out...",
             Fps => "Change frames per second",
             Compress => "Shrink the file size by re-encoding",
+            TargetSize => "Compress to a target size, e.g. 25 MB (two-pass)",
             Format => "Save as a different file type",
             Audio => "Volume, loudness, fades, remove the track",
         }
@@ -171,6 +179,7 @@ impl OpKind {
                     0,
                 ),
             ],
+            TargetSize => vec![Field::text("Target size (MB)", "25")],
             Format => {
                 let options: &'static [&'static str] = if has_video {
                     &[
@@ -303,7 +312,41 @@ impl Operation {
                 self.choice_str(0).split(' ').next().unwrap_or(""),
                 self.choice_str(1)
             ),
+            TargetSize => format!("\u{2264} {} MB", self.text(0)),
             _ => self.choice_str(0).to_string(),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Serialize for recipe storage. Choices are stored as their option
+    /// string (not index) so saved recipes survive menu reordering.
+    pub fn to_json(&self) -> serde_json::Value {
+        let values: Vec<serde_json::Value> = self
+            .fields
+            .iter()
+            .map(|f| match &f.value {
+                FieldValue::Choice { options, selected } => options[*selected].into(),
+                FieldValue::Text(s) => s.as_str().into(),
+            })
+            .collect();
+        serde_json::json!({ "kind": self.kind.name(), "values": values })
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_json(v: &serde_json::Value, has_video: bool) -> Option<Operation> {
+        let kind = OpKind::from_name(v["kind"].as_str()?)?;
+        let mut op = kind.build(has_video);
+        if let Some(values) = v["values"].as_array() {
+            for (field, value) in op.fields.iter_mut().zip(values) {
+                let s = value.as_str().unwrap_or("");
+                match &mut field.value {
+                    FieldValue::Choice { options, selected } => {
+                        if let Some(pos) = options.iter().position(|o| *o == s) {
+                            *selected = pos;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    FieldValue::Text(t) => *t = s.to_string(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Some(op)
+    }
 }

src/recipes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Saved recipes: named edit stacks stored as JSON in
+//! `~/.config/lazyff/recipes.json` (or `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lazyff/`).
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::ops::Operation;
+
+pub struct Recipe {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub ops: Vec<Value>,
+}
+
+fn file_path() -> PathBuf {
+    let base = std::env::var_os("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let home = std::env::var_os("HOME").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_default();
+            home.join(".config")
+        });
+    base.join("lazyff").join("recipes.json")
+}
+
+pub fn load() -> Vec<Recipe> {
+    let Ok(data) = std::fs::read_to_string(file_path()) else {
+        return Vec::new();
+    };
+    let Ok(root) = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&data) else {
+        return Vec::new();
+    };
+    let mut recipes = Vec::new();
+    for entry in root.as_array().map(|a| a.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[]) {
+        if let (Some(name), Some(ops)) = (entry["name"].as_str(), entry["ops"].as_array()) {
+            recipes.push(Recipe { name: name.to_string(), ops: ops.clone() });
+        }
+    }
+    recipes
+}
+
+fn save_all(recipes: &[Recipe]) -> Result<()> {
+    let path = file_path();
+    if let Some(dir) = path.parent() {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir).context("could not create config directory")?;
+    }
+    let root: Vec<Value> = recipes
+        .iter()
+        .map(|r| serde_json::json!({ "name": r.name, "ops": r.ops }))
+        .collect();
+    std::fs::write(&path, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&root)?)
+        .with_context(|| format!("could not write {}", path.display()))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Save (or overwrite) a recipe with the given name.
+pub fn add(name: &str, ops: &[Operation]) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut recipes = load();
+    recipes.retain(|r| r.name != name);
+    recipes.push(Recipe {
+        name: name.to_string(),
+        ops: ops.iter().map(|o| o.to_json()).collect(),
+    });
+    save_all(&recipes)
+}
+
+pub fn delete(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut recipes = load();
+    recipes.retain(|r| r.name != name);
+    save_all(&recipes)
+}
+
+/// Turn a stored recipe back into operations for the current input. Edits
+/// that don't apply (e.g. picture edits on an audio file) are skipped with a
+/// note.
+pub fn materialize(recipe: &Recipe, has_video: bool) -> (Vec<Operation>, Vec<String>) {
+    let mut ops = Vec::new();
+    let mut notes = Vec::new();
+    for v in &recipe.ops {
+        match Operation::from_json(v, has_video) {
+            Some(op) if !has_video && op.kind.video_only() => {
+                notes.push(format!("{}: skipped (audio file)", op.kind.name()));
+            }
+            Some(op) => ops.push(op),
+            None => notes.push(format!(
+                "Unknown edit \"{}\" skipped",
+                v["kind"].as_str().unwrap_or("?")
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    (ops, notes)
+}

src/ui.rs

@@ -80,12 +80,19 @@ fn draw_browser(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
         .map(|e| {
             if e.is_dir {
                 ListItem::new(Line::from(vec![
+                    Span::raw("  "),
                     Span::styled("\u{1f4c1} ", Style::default()),
                     Span::styled(e.name.clone(), Style::default().fg(LAVENDER)),
                     Span::raw("/"),
                 ]))
             } else {
+                let marked = app.marks.contains(&app.cwd.join(&e.name));
                 ListItem::new(Line::from(vec![
+                    if marked {
+                        Span::styled("\u{2713} ", Style::default().fg(GREEN))
+                    } else {
+                        Span::raw("  ")
+                    },
                     Span::raw("\u{1f3ac} "),
                     Span::raw(e.name.clone()),
                 ]))
@@ -93,7 +100,12 @@ fn draw_browser(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
         })
         .collect();
 
-    let mut block = title_block("Files");
+    let title = if app.marks.is_empty() {
+        "Files".to_string()
+    } else {
+        format!("Files \u{2014} {} marked for batch", app.marks.len())
+    };
+    let mut block = title_block(title);
     if let Some(err) = &app.browser_error {
         block = block.title_bottom(Line::from(Span::styled(
             format!(" {} ", err.lines().next().unwrap_or("error")),
@@ -109,6 +121,8 @@ fn draw_browser(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
     let hints = key_hint(&[
         ("\u{2191}\u{2193}", "move"),
         ("Enter", "open"),
+        ("Space", "mark for batch"),
+        ("u", "unmark all"),
         ("Backspace", "up a folder"),
         ("q", "quit"),
     ]);
@@ -125,12 +139,11 @@ fn draw_editor(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
         Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(52), Constraint::Percentage(48)]).areas(main);
 
     // Left: list of queued operations.
-    let input_name = app
+    let input_name = match app.files.as_slice() {
-        .input
+        [] => String::new(),
-        .as_ref()
+        [(path, _)] => crate::app::file_name(path),
-        .and_then(|p| p.file_name())
+        files => format!("{} files (batch)", files.len()),
-        .map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+    };
-        .unwrap_or_default();
 
     let items: Vec<ListItem> = if app.ops.is_empty() {
         vec![ListItem::new(Text::from(vec![
@@ -163,12 +176,20 @@ fn draw_editor(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
     let [info_area, cmd_area] =
         Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(9), Constraint::Min(0)]).areas(right);
 
-    if let Some(m) = &app.media {
+    if let Some((path, m)) = app.files.first() {
         let mut lines = vec![
             info_line("Container", &m.format),
             info_line("Duration", &ffmpeg::fmt_clock(m.duration)),
             info_line("Size", &ffmpeg::fmt_size(m.size_bytes)),
         ];
+        if app.is_batch() {
+            lines.insert(0, info_line("First file", &crate::app::file_name(path)));
+            lines.truncate(4);
+            lines.push(info_line(
+                "Batch",
+                &format!("+ {} more file(s)", app.files.len() - 1),
+            ));
+        }
         if let (Some(c), Some(w), Some(h)) = (&m.video_codec, m.width, m.height) {
             let fps = m.fps.map(|f| format!(" @ {:.2} fps", f)).unwrap_or_default();
             lines.push(info_line("Video", &format!("{} {}\u{d7}{}{}", c, w, h, fps)));
@@ -186,18 +207,31 @@ fn draw_editor(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
     }
 
     // Command preview, rebuilt every frame (cheap) so it always matches.
-    if let (Some(input), Some(media)) = (&app.input, &app.media) {
+    if let Some((input, media)) = app.files.first() {
-        let built = ffmpeg::build(input, &app.ops, &app.output_stem, media);
+        let built = ffmpeg::build(input, &app.ops, &app.stem_for(input), media);
         let mut text = Text::default();
         text.push_line(Line::styled(
             format!("Output: {}", built.output.display()),
             Style::default().fg(GREEN),
         ));
+        if app.is_batch() {
+            text.push_line(Line::styled(
+                format!(
+                    "These edits run on all {} files (first one shown)",
+                    app.files.len()
+                ),
+                Style::default().fg(YELLOW),
+            ));
+        }
         text.push_line(Line::raw(""));
-        text.push_line(Line::styled(
+        for line in ffmpeg::preview_string(&built).lines() {
-            ffmpeg::preview_string(&built.args),
+            let style = if line.starts_with('#') {
-            Style::default().fg(TEXT),
+                Style::default().fg(DIM)
-        ));
+            } else {
+                Style::default().fg(TEXT)
+            };
+            text.push_line(Line::styled(line.to_string(), style));
+        }
         if !built.notes.is_empty() {
             text.push_line(Line::raw(""));
             for n in &built.notes {
@@ -219,8 +253,9 @@ fn draw_editor(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
         ("a", "add edit"),
         ("Enter", "change"),
         ("d", "delete"),
-        ("J/K", "reorder"),
+        ("s", "save recipe"),
-        ("o", "output name"),
+        ("l", "load recipe"),
+        ("o", "output"),
         ("r", "run!"),
         ("Esc", "files"),
         ("q", "quit"),
@@ -230,7 +265,7 @@ fn draw_editor(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
 
 fn info_line(label: &str, value: &str) -> Line<'static> {
     Line::from(vec![
-        Span::styled(format!(" {:<10}", label), Style::default().fg(DIM)),
+        Span::styled(format!(" {:<10} ", label), Style::default().fg(DIM)),
         Span::raw(value.to_string()),
     ])
 }
@@ -322,31 +357,62 @@ fn draw_modal(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, modal: &Modal) {
         }
 
         Modal::Output { text } => {
-            let area = centered(f.area(), 60, 5);
+            let (title, hint) = if app.is_batch() {
-            f.render_widget(Clear, area);
+                (
-            let lines = vec![
+                    "Output suffix (added to each file's name)",
-                Line::raw(""),
+                    "  (extension is chosen automatically)",
-                Line::from(vec![
+                )
-                    Span::raw("  "),
+            } else {
-                    Span::styled(
+                ("Output file name", "  (extension is chosen automatically)")
-                        format!("{}\u{2581}", text),
+            };
-                        Style::default().fg(TEXT).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+            draw_text_input(f, title, text, hint);
-                    ),
+        }
-                    Span::styled(
+
-                        "  (extension is chosen automatically)",
+        Modal::SaveRecipe { text } => {
-                        Style::default().fg(DIM),
+            draw_text_input(
-                    ),
+                f,
-                ]),
+                "Save these edits as a recipe \u{2014} name?",
-                Line::styled("  Enter save \u{2502} Esc cancel", Style::default().fg(DIM)),
+                text,
-            ];
+                "  (apply later with 'l')",
-            f.render_widget(
-                Paragraph::new(lines).block(title_block("Output file name")),
-                area,
             );
         }
 
+        Modal::LoadRecipe { selected } => {
+            let area = centered(f.area(), 56, app.recipes.len() as u16 + 4);
+            f.render_widget(Clear, area);
+            let items: Vec<ListItem> = app
+                .recipes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|r| {
+                    ListItem::new(Line::from(vec![
+                        Span::styled(
+                            format!(" {:<30}", r.name),
+                            Style::default().fg(YELLOW),
+                        ),
+                        Span::styled(
+                            format!("{} edit(s)", r.ops.len()),
+                            Style::default().fg(SUBTLE),
+                        ),
+                    ]))
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let mut state = ListState::default();
+            state.select(Some(*selected));
+            let list = List::new(items)
+                .block(
+                    title_block("Apply a recipe").title_bottom(Line::from(Span::styled(
+                        " Enter apply \u{2502} d delete \u{2502} Esc cancel ",
+                        Style::default().fg(DIM),
+                    ))),
+                )
+                .highlight_style(
+                    Style::default().bg(ACCENT).fg(ON_ACCENT).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+                );
+            f.render_stateful_widget(list, area, &mut state);
+        }
+
         Modal::Running => {
-            let area = centered(f.area(), 64, 8);
+            let area = centered(f.area(), 64, 9);
             f.render_widget(Clear, area);
             let block = title_block("Encoding\u{2026}  (Esc to cancel)");
             let inner = block.inner(area);
@@ -354,15 +420,32 @@ fn draw_modal(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, modal: &Modal) {
             f.render_widget(Clear, inner);
 
             if let Some(rs) = &app.run {
-                let [gauge_area, info_area, err_area] = Layout::vertical([
+                let [head_area, gauge_area, info_area, err_area] = Layout::vertical([
+                    Constraint::Length(1),
                     Constraint::Length(3),
                     Constraint::Length(1),
                     Constraint::Min(0),
                 ])
                 .areas(inner);
 
-                let ratio = if rs.expected > 0.0 {
+                let job = &rs.jobs[rs.job_idx];
-                    (rs.secs / rs.expected).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+                let mut head = String::new();
+                if rs.jobs.len() > 1 {
+                    head.push_str(&format!("File {}/{}: ", rs.job_idx + 1, rs.jobs.len()));
+                }
+                head.push_str(&job.input_name);
+                if job.built.passes.len() > 1 {
+                    head.push_str(&format!(
+                        "   \u{2014} pass {}/{}",
+                        rs.pass_idx + 1,
+                        job.built.passes.len()
+                    ));
+                }
+                f.render_widget(Paragraph::new(head).alignment(Alignment::Center), head_area);
+
+                let expected = job.built.expected_duration;
+                let ratio = if expected > 0.0 {
+                    (rs.secs / expected).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
                 } else {
                     0.0
                 };
@@ -376,7 +459,7 @@ fn draw_modal(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, modal: &Modal) {
                 let info = Paragraph::new(format!(
                     "{} / {}   speed {}",
                     ffmpeg::fmt_clock(rs.secs),
-                    ffmpeg::fmt_clock(rs.expected),
+                    ffmpeg::fmt_clock(expected),
                     speed
                 ))
                 .alignment(Alignment::Center);
@@ -418,6 +501,27 @@ fn draw_modal(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, modal: &Modal) {
     }
 }
 
+fn draw_text_input(f: &mut Frame, title: &str, text: &str, hint: &str) {
+    let area = centered(f.area(), 60, 5);
+    f.render_widget(Clear, area);
+    let lines = vec![
+        Line::raw(""),
+        Line::from(vec![
+            Span::raw("  "),
+            Span::styled(
+                format!("{}\u{2581}", text),
+                Style::default().fg(TEXT).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+            ),
+            Span::styled(hint.to_string(), Style::default().fg(DIM)),
+        ]),
+        Line::styled("  Enter save \u{2502} Esc cancel", Style::default().fg(DIM)),
+    ];
+    f.render_widget(
+        Paragraph::new(lines).block(title_block(title.to_string())),
+        area,
+    );
+}
+
 fn centered(area: Rect, width: u16, height: u16) -> Rect {
     let w = width.min(area.width.saturating_sub(2));
     let h = height.min(area.height.saturating_sub(2));